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Alors que les sites du patrimoine mondial sont confrontés à des pressions et menaces humaines et naturelles croissantes, les études d’impact sur le patrimoine (EIP) sont devenues des outils essentiels pour gérer et atténuer les risques potentiels. Les études d’impact sur le patrimoine sont des évaluations spécifiques à un projet, conçues pour déterminer comment les changements proposés – en particulier les projets de développement – peuvent affecter la valeur universelle exceptionnelle (VUE) d’un site et d’autres attributs du patrimoine. S’ils ne sont pas correctement planifiés et évalués, ces changements peuvent entraîner des dommages irréversibles. Les EIP fournissent un cadre structuré pour déterminer si un projet doit être mis en œuvre et comment les impacts négatifs potentiels peuvent être évités ou atténués.
En réponse à la demande croissante des Comités nationaux de l’ICOMOS, l’ICOMOS a développé une série d’ateliers sur le « Renforcement des capacités pour l’étude d’impact sur le patrimoine dans un contexte de patrimoine mondial », visant à renforcer les capacités des professionnels du patrimoine et des principales parties prenantes à mener des EIP de manière efficace. Les ateliers fournissent des conseils structurés sur la mise en œuvre des méthodologies d’EIP afin d’assurer une prise de décision durable pour les sites du patrimoine mondial. L’objectif principal de l’atelier est de renforcer les capacités et de fournir des conseils aux membres des Comités nationaux de l’ICOMOS, mais aussi aux principaux acteurs du patrimoine mondial (gestionnaires, promoteurs, consultants, décideurs, représentants des autorités nationales/locales) dans les pays concernés, afin d’améliorer les connaissances et d’insister sur la nécessité de mener des EIP de manière appropriée.
Les ateliers soulignent l’importance d’intégrer l’EIP dans toutes les interventions et tous les investissements susceptibles d’avoir un impact sur les biens du patrimoine mondial. Les participants acquerront une expérience pratique et des connaissances sur les meilleures pratiques pour mener des EIP, en s’assurant que la conservation du patrimoine est intégrée dans le processus de prise de décision. Le but des ateliers est d’établir une base de professionnels du patrimoine bien formés parmi les membres des Comités nationaux de l’ICOMOS, et de renforcer les capacités pour une future formation continue en matière d’EIP.
Le programme de formation est basé sur le Guide et boîte à outils pour les évaluations d’impact dans un contexte de Patrimoine mondial (2022), préparé par les organisations consultatives (ICOMOS, ICCROM et UICN) en collaboration avec l’UNESCO, dans le cadre du Programme de leadership du patrimoine mondial.