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Ces orientations de l’ICOMOS et de l’ICCROM sur le rétablissement et la reconstruction post-désastre et post-conflit de lieux patrimoniaux d’importance culturelle ainsi que des biens culturels du patrimoine mondial sont destinées aux experts travaillant dans le domaine de la conservation du patrimoine. Le document fournit un cadre qui permet de soutenir et mener à bien le rétablissement des lieux patrimoniaux et permet ainsi d’accepter et de surmonter le traumatisme associé à la destruction et à la perte.
En 2015, le Comité du patrimoine mondial a souligné l’importance d’une “stratégie post-conflit pour la reconstruction du patrimoine mondial endommagé”. Étaient envisagés: l’assistance technique, le renforcement des capacités et l’échange de bonnes pratiques de conservation et de gestion. En 2016, le Comité a chargé les Organisations consultatives d’élaborer des orientations sur la reconstruction de ces biens. Une série d’initiatives ont vu le jour pour répondre aux différents aspects des défis posés.
Ce document d’orientation s’appuie sur les initiatives de l’ICOMOS et de l’ICCROM et sur celles d’autres organismes, et prolonge la collaboration du projet ICOMOS-ICCROM “Analyse des études de cas en matière de restauration et de reconstruction”, publié en 2020. Il fournit un cadre à travers lequel le rétablissement des lieux patrimoniaux peut être soutenue et exploitée pour faire face et surmonter le traumatisme associé à la destruction et à la perte.
Ce guide a pour but d’aider les acteurs concernés par la destruction de lieux patrimoniaux d’importance culturelle dans la mise en place de processus décisionnels solides en vue du rétablissement et de la reconstruction. Il définit un cadre dans lequel une prise de décision approfondie, informée et participative peut être entreprise dans le cadre de la réhabilitation. Le rétablissement est compris comme incluant la reconstruction, impliquant les attributs matériels et immatériels des lieux patrimoniaux et des biens du patrimoine mondial. Les orientations visent à suggérer une approche de rétablissement soucieuse du contexte permettant de perpétuer la signification des lieux patrimoniaux et la Valeur Universelle Exceptionnelle (VUE) des biens du patrimoine mondial – dans toute la mesure du possible.
Ce document s’adresse principalement aux experts travaillant dans le domaine de la conservation du patrimoine et à tous·tes celles et ceux chargé·es de la protection et de la conservation des lieux patrimoniaux sur le terrain. Dans le contexte du patrimoine mondial, il s’adresse aux États parties, à leurs autorités compétentes et aux organismes d’exécution, ainsi qu’au personnel technique des secteurs concernés. Il peut également aider un large éventail d’acteurs communautaires, y compris la société civile, à organiser les réponses aux catastrophes et à la reconstruction.